The Rovuma and Lugenda Rivers are the two largest and main rivers feeding the Reserve. The Lugenda River, 340 km of which falls within the southern half of the Reserve, is regarded as the lifeblood of Niassa National Reserve. The Lugenda River is not only integral to supporting this extremely biodiversity region but it is the principal source of both nutrition and income for a number of local communities.

Recent research commissioned by SGDRN suggests that the Lugenda River is being significantly degraded due to over fishing. It is likely that if this issue is not addressed and an improved management framework for the River is not constructed, the Lugenda River fisheries may face collapse.

SGDRN is focused on empowering local people to drive the sustainable management of fisheries and other river-based resources in Niassa National Reserve. Once the status of the Lugenda fisheries is established, a number of community fishery associations will be created, empowered and trained in sustainable fishery management. It is predicted that not only will this improve the heath of the Lugenda River it will also improve local livelihoods.